SRP-5 Background Research Plan

SRP-5 Background Research Plan





Research Question- Can using paradoxes in diamonds help make a better quantum computer?

Research Question Keywords- Paradoxes, Diamonds, Quantum computer

Background Research Questions

1. Who discovered quantum computers?

2. Who discovered paradoxes in diamonds?

3. What are characteristics of quantum computers?

4. What are quantum computers made of?

5. What do we use quantum computers for?

6. When was quantum computers discovered?

7. When was paradoxes in diamonds discovered?

8. Where do quantum computers get used?

SRP-4 Background Research Paper-Sources



SRP-4 Background Research Paper – Sources

Quantum computer-

A type of computer which uses the ability of quantum systems to be in many different states at once, thus allowing it to perform many different computations simultaneously. Paradox- A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Citations:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/quantum+computer?s=t

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/paradox?s=t

http://iqc.uwaterloo.ca/welcome/quantum-computing-101

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-paradox.html http://listverse.com/2010/05/28/11-brain-twisting-paradoxes/ Articles   Eugenie, R. (2013, August 20). Quantum paradox seen in diamond. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quantum-paradox-seen-in-diamond       Adam, S. (2002). Doctoring adam smith: The fable of the diamonds and water paradox. Retrieved from http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/history_of_political_economy/v034/34.4white.pdf

Science Research Project Question 3

Science Research Project Question 3

 

 

 

What is your possible Research Question?  Do people sleep better in a room painted in blue?
What is your purpose in exploring this question?  I want to help people who cannot sleep well.
How is this question testable?  I can get people to sleep in a blue room and see if they sleep better.
How is this question repeatable?  You can get a lot of people to do the experiment.
How is this question specific?  It asks about if a blue room will help people sleep.
How is this question concise?  It is about a room that is one color.
Which article(s) has led you to choose this question? Keep in Time
Overall, why should you be approved to work on this research question?  I want to help people who cannot sleep well.



Science Research Project Question 2

Science Research Question 2

 

What is your possible Research Question?  Which gender has a higher level of empathy?
What is your purpose in exploring this question?  I want to know which gender has a higher level of empathy.
How is this question testable?  I can do a survey of different genders of people and which gender has a higher empathy. 
How is this question repeatable?  I can ask multiple people questions. 
How is this question specific?  This is specific because it focuses on two genders.
How is this question concise?  It asks which gender has the highest empathy.
Which article(s) has led you to choose this question? Abused Puppies Get More Sympathy Than Adult Crime Victims
Overall, why should you be approved to work on this research question?  I want to know why one gender has a higher level of empathy.

 



Science Research Project Question 1

Science Research Question 1

 

 





What is your possible Research Question?  Can paradoxes in diamonds help make quantum computers?
What is your purpose in exploring this question?  My purpose for exploring this is that I think quantum computers will be important in the future.
How is this question testable?  If I get a scientist to lend me their lab , then I will use magnetic and electric fields.
How is this question repeatable?  This question is repeatable because you can conduct the research multiple times.
How is this question specific? This question is specific because it is about paradoxes in diamonds.
How is this question concise?  The question is asking how paradoxes in diamonds help make quantum computers.
Which article(s) has led you to choose this question?  Quantum Paradox Seen in Diamond
Overall, why should you be approved to work on this research question?  I am interested in this topic and would like to know more about quantum paradoxes.



Science Current Event 4 - Summary

 http://youtu.be/X6STWzUaFjE

Quantum Paradox Seen in Diamond

Author: Jay Don | 9-3-13

 

            A quantum effect was based after an ancient Greek puzzle was observed in diamond.  By using this we could use diamonds in quantum computer chips.  The Zeno effect is from the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea, who lived in the 5^th century B.C. and said that if the position of an arrow is well defined for a moment in time, then it cannot make progress in that time and it can never reach the destination.  In 1977 theoretical physicists said that if a quantum system is measured enough, its state will not change.  The purpose was to observe diamonds to see if they could spot a paradox.  The hypothesis was that measuring a property of an object, such as its place or position, will affect its state.  The procedure was that in 1989 they observed the quantum Zeno effect by using laser-cooled ions trapped by electric and magnetic fields.  The results were that there were imperfections in diamonds that show where an atom of nitrogen and an empty place replace carbon atoms at two spots in the crystal lattice.  The conclusion was that in the future this will be important in quantum computing.

Questions:

1.      What quantum systems did they use to observe?

2.      How did Zeno of Elea make the Zeno effect?

3.      How long will it take for them to make quantum computers?

 

Citations:

     Eugenie, R. (2013, August 20). Quantum paradox seen in diamond. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quantum-paradox-seen-in-diamond       

 

Quantum Paradox Seen in Diamond

A real-life version of Zeno's ancient Greek conundrum could advance quantum computing

By Eugenie Samuel Reich and Nature magazine

 

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Physicists coaxed electrons in a tiny diamond crystal into realizing a quantum version of the adage 'a watched pot never boils'. Image: Courtesy of Oliver Benson

Gravity's Engines

A quantum effect named after an ancient Greek puzzle has been observed in diamond, paving the way for the use of diamond crystals in quantum computer chips.
The quantum Zeno effect gets its name from the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea, who lived in the fifth century bc and suggested that if the position of a flying arrow is well-defined for a moment of time, then it makes no progress in that moment, and so can never reach its destination.
In the quantum version of the arrow paradox, theoretical physicists posited in 1977 that if a quantum system is measured often enough, its state will be unable to progress, as if it were true that 'a watched pot never boils'. The hypothesis arises from a fundamental postulate of quantum theory, which says that measuring a property of an object, such as its position, affects its state. The quantum Zeno effect was first observed experimentally in 1989 in laser-cooled ions trapped by magnetic and electric fields.
Now, quantum physicist Oliver Benson and his colleagues at Humboldt University in Berlin have seen the effect in a diamond crystal — a material that would be easier to manufacture on a large scale for quantum computing. The team posted its paper on the arXiv and it has been accepted for publication in Physical Review A.
Disrupted oscillations
The researchers focused on nitrogen–vacancy (NV) centers, imperfections in diamond that arise where an atom of nitrogen and an empty space replace carbon atoms at two neighboring spots in the crystal lattice. The team used microwaves to change the magnetic spin state of an electron located at an NV center, and then used a laser beam to trigger red fluorescence that revealed which of two possible states the electron was in at any given moment. When they measured the NV center in this way, the researchers found that the oscillation between the two states was disrupted — just as would be expected if the quantum Zeno effect were operating.
“The first step is to see the effect is there, but the next step is to implement quantum gates based on diamond,” says Benson, referring to the quantum analogue of the logic gates that form the integrated circuits in ordinary computer chips. In quantum computing, information is stored in the quantum states of carriers such as photons or diamond defects. But so far, decoherence, a degradation of the delicate states caused by noise in the environment, has prevented researchers from storing more than a few bits of linked quantum information in a diamond crystal at a time. Constantly measuring the states could protect them from uncontrolled decay and allow researchers to scale up the amount of information stored, says Benson.
Ronald Walsworth, an atomic physicist at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, whose team made a tentative suggestion in 2010 that the quantum Zeno effect operates in diamond, says that evidence is growing, but that it will probably need to be clearer that the disruption of oscillations is due to the quantum process, and not other effects, before it can be used for quantum computing.
Quantum physicist Ronald Hanson, who works with nitrogen vacancies at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, says that Benson's experiment, together with an April paper showing that spins in NV centers located 3 meters apart can be linked, indicates that diamond is gaining ground as a convenient material for quantum computing. “In a few years, we will be overtaking the ion traps,” he says.
This article is reproduced with permission from the magazine Nature. The article was first published on August 20, 2013.